Advanced manufacturing · robotics · machinery safety
Physical AI
The rules a robot works under, turned into actions it can carry out and checks anyone can verify, while it runs.
Why this matters
The Rules Already Exist. The Robot Cannot Read Them.
A robot cell on a car line already lives under a stack of rules: machinery safety law, robot safety standards, the plant's own specifications, tolerances and torque settings, and the operating procedures its people follow. Almost none of it was written for a machine to read.
As cells become autonomous, the gap matters. Whoever designs and governs the operation has to show that every action the robot takes stays inside those rules, and has to prove it afterwards. Today that proof is paperwork, assembled by hand, long after the shift ended.
Our answer is three steps, and they are at the machine. Translate is Triage and Rate, run over every rule a cell answers to. Execute is Architect and Control, built into the controller. Verify is Evidence, recorded with every action.
01 · Translate
Read every rule that applies
The approach
From the Rulebook to the Control Loop
Each example follows one rule from its source through the three steps: translate, execute, verify.
- The rule
- The joint specification: wheel-hub fasteners tightened to a set torque, then turned through a final angle.
- Plant specification
- Translate
- One obligation per joint, holding its torque window, its angle window and the vehicles it applies to, traced to the drawing.
- Per joint
- Execute
- The tool stops at the torque target and checks the angle before the robot moves on. Out of window, the station holds the car.
The rules in play
Laws and Standards a Robot Cell Answers To
A few of the instruments in the space, from EU law to the international standards a cell is built to.
Reg. 2023/1230, from 20 January 2027
Replaces the Machinery Directive. Safety components and machinery with self-evolving, machine-learning behaviour that ensures safety functions need third-party conformity assessment.
Reg. 2024/1689, Article 6(1), by 2 August 2028
AI that is a safety component of machinery is high-risk. Since the Digital Omnibus, its requirements reach machinery through the Machinery Regulation, by delegated acts.
ISO 10218-1 and -2:2025, published
Where it leads
The Same Method, Beyond the Factory
- Care
A Humanoid in a Care Home
A care robot whose actions are governed by the care regulations, policies and procedures of the home it works in: care standards and safeguarding duties, the home's own care plans, and consent and dignity checked at every task.Projected - Defence
A Robot Under the Laws of War
A defence system with the Geneva Conventions, its rules of engagement and a structured battle plan enforced at runtime: international humanitarian law, the mission's rules of engagement, and every action traceable to its authority.Projected